To the nil es tool



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shea}, 1. Z. B. GOES. TAPER TURNING TOOL FORLATHES.

No. 532,766. Pa tented Jan. 22, 1895.

ZM v. 5.0m Inventor Wi nesses YY. ee

Attorney (No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Z. B. GOES.

'I APER TURNING TOOL FOR LATHES. No. 532,766. Patented Jan. 22, 1895.

gfejii: Ingentor' J! i a v W. j/ H M Attorney UNITED STATES" PATENTOFFICE.

ZORESTER B. GOES,- OF HAMILTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE NILES TOOL WORKSCOMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

TAPER-TURNING TOOL ,FOR LATHES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 532,766, dated January22, 1895.

' Application filed May 7,1894. Serial No. 510,308. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ZORESTER BCOES, of Hamilton, Butler county, Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Taper-Turning Toolsfor Lathes, of which the following is a Specification.

This invention pertains to that class of taper turning tools designed tobe carried by the sliding tail-stock 'of a lathe, or by-the tur- IO retof a turret-lathe, and-v to be fed forward to operate upon work revolvedby the lathespindle.

My improvements will be readily understood from the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings,

in which- Figure 1, is an end view of a taper turning tool exemplifyingmy present invention, the apparatus being viewed toward the end whichpresents toward the head of the lathe; Fig.

2, a plan of the same, the lower end of this view being the end whichappears in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, an end 'view, similar to Fig. 1, but withmany of the parts removed; and Fig. 4, a front View of the apparatus,and the front corre-' spending with the right hand of the other twoviews.

In the drawings:--1, indicates a shank ,adapted to be held in one of theholes in a 0 lathe-turret as is usual with turret-tools, the

axis of the shank. coinciding with the axis of the work to be turned,and the shank being bored so that the work may pass into or through it;2, a plate rigidly supported on 3 5 the front end of this shank; 3, aslide-way formed on this plate with its path-line radial to the axis ofthe shank; 4, a second similar slide-way on the plate; 5, a tool-blockfitted to slide on slide-way 4; 6, a cutting-tool car- 0 ried thereby;7, a back-rest block fitted to slide on slide-way 3 and having a notchadapted to engage the workbeing turned; 8, a mortise through plate 2; 9,a wedge engaging this mortise, the taper of this wedge corresponding 5'with the desired taper to be produced upon the work in hand; 10, abracket designed to support the wedge against endwise motion, andillustrated as'a plate adapted to be bolted to the usual tool-post blockof the lathe carriage, it being understood that when this apof thelathe-carriage; 12, a pin supported in the bracket 10 and engaging ahole in one end of the wedge,this pin being capable of endwise motion topermit of the wedge being readily disconnected from the bracket; 13, arod fast in back-rest block 7 and parallel'with the path of movement ofthe block upon its slide-way; 14, a pin projecting from the rod 13 andengaging over .the wedge 9, this pin being virtually a rigid part ofblock 7; 15, a lever pivoted to plate 2; 16, an adjusting screw in oneend of this lever bearing againstthe end of rod 13 and tending to pushblock 7 downwardly as far as the engagement of pin 14 with the wedgewillpermit; 17, a link connecting the other end of the lever withtool-block 5; 18, a central pivot of the lever, and'19 a springconnected with this pivot and tending to rock the lever in suchdirection as to force tool-block 5 outwardly and force the back-restblock 7 downwardly.

The wedge is supported against endwise motion and as the parts carriedby the shank traverse the wedge, moving toward the wide .end of thewedge, pin 14,will be forced up-,

ward, thus lifting the rod 13 and rocking the lever 15 and pullingtool-block 5 and the tool inwardly thus reducing the diameter producedupon the work by the cutting-tool. At the same time rod 13 lifts theback-rest block 7 and maintains contact of the notch-walls in the blockwith the work, thus furnishing a back-restfor the work as the diameterchanges. One wall of the notch in the back-rest block 7 is tangent tothe circle and diametrically opposite the point of the cutting-tool,while the other wall of the block is at ninety degrees to the first walland, consequently, at right angles to the tangent of cutting strain. Thework is thusproperly supported in the two directions of strain.

By withdrawing pin 12 the wedge becomes disconnected from its fixedsupport and may be readily withdrawn. Difierent wedges will be employedin correspondencewith desired difierent tapers to be produced.

The walls of the notch do not'move to and from the axis of the work atthe same rate as the block which carries those walls, the proportion ofmovement being as the side of a square is to the diagonal of a square.Therefore to produce a given change in radial distance from the axis ofthe work to the walls of the notch the block which carries those wallsmust be changed in position a greater distance, the advance ofnotch-walls to the advance of block being as one is to one and forty-oneone-hundredths. The cutting-tool is to be moved in direct relation tothe approach or recession of the notch-walls to and from the axis of thework and it follows that tool-block 5 and back-rest block 7 must havemovements in the proportion of one to one and forty-one one-hundredths.The arms of lever 15 are made in the above proportion and it followsthat the point of the tool and the walls of the notch will have the samemovements of approach and recession to and from the axis of the work. Incase the walls of the notch should beat other angles than ninety degreesas shown then the arms of lever 15 will require a correspondinglydifferent proportion. Set screw '16 may be employed in adjusting thepoint of the tool to and from the axis of the work to secure the desireddiameter of work. The wedge draws the tool and backrest block inwardlyand spring 19 urges the parts outwardly and takes up lost motion.

The exemplification contemplates that the work and the wedge have noendwise motion, the feed being produced by moving the tool endwise alongthe work and wedge, as by means of the sliding turret'or tail-stock of alathe, but it is obvious that the system would find its equivalent in anon-feedin g cuttingtool employed in conjunction with work and a wedgefeeding endwise.

Lathesmen are all familiar with the fact that in turning tapers, eitherby setting the tail-stock over, as in usual lathe construction, or bythe use of an adjustable guide to move the tool transversely to thework, as in the case of the well known Slate lathes, a true taper willbe produced only in case the point of the tool is set at the level ofthe lathe centers so that the transverse movement of the tool withreference to the axis of the work will be in a true radial plane. If thetool be set above or below the center, so as to move in other than atrue radial plane, the contour of the work will be longitudinallycurved. This may be readily illustrated as follows:- Assume a piece ofwork an inch in diameter, and assume the lathe center or the Slate taperattachment to be so set as to produce a taper of one inch to the foot,the work getting smaller as the tool feeds toward thehead stock. Assumethe tool to be set at the exact level of the lathe centers and to startits out at the one inch diameter of the bar at the tail-stock end. Atthe end of a foot of feed the bar would be reduced to nothing, to aperfect point, and the taper would be a.per-.

fect one of one inch to the foot. Now, assume the operation to berepeated but the point of the tool to be set a quarter of an inch abovethe lathe center. At the end of the foot of feed the bar is not reducedto zero diameter but to half an inch, the point of the tool then tendingto pass a quarter of an inch above the axis of the work and, as itcontinues its feed, to taper the work in the other direction; and thework produced will not be a true taper but will be a concave curve.

Taper devices have been proposed in which the tool is carried in apivoted arm so as to swing the point of the tool to and from the axis ofthe work. A tool thus mounted can obviously not move transversely in atruly radial plane and cannot produce a true taper. In my taper turningdevice the tool moves in a slide guide in a true radial plane and canproduce a true taper. Again, the walls of the back-rest must be truetangents to the work being turned it taper work is to be produced. Anysort of a back-rest notch will work fairly well with cylindrical work,and would also work fairly well with taper work if the back-rest washeld to its work by a spring or weight or some equivalent arrangement;but if the movement of the back-rest is to be arbitrarily controlled bya guide then,

in order that the walls of the back-rest may maintain proper bearing onthe tapered work, the walls must be true tangents, forming a perfectangle, and curved walls become inadmissible.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a taper turning tool, the combination,

substantially as set forth, of two right-line guide-ways disposed atright angles to the axis of the work to be turned, a tool-block mountedto slide in one of said right-line guide-ways and carry a tool point ina right lin'e radial to the work to be turned, a backrest block mountedto slide in the other rightline guide-way and having a rest-notch withtwo straight walls at equal angles to the path of sliding motion of saidrest-block in its right-line guide-way, and a wedge and lever connectedwith said two blocks to cause them to move in their right-lineguide-ways at different rates of motion as the work of taper turningprogresses.

2. In a taper-turning tool, the combination, substantially as set forth,of a notched back rest block mounted to slide in a right line, atool-block mounted to slide in a right line at a constant angle to theline of motion of said back-rest block, a wedge controlling directly thesliding of one of said blocks, and an unequally armed lever connectedwith said two blocks whereby the movement of one block imposes amovement upon the second block but at a difierent rate.

3. In a taper-turning tool, the combination,

substantially as set forth, of two right-line guideways disposed atanangle to each other, a back-rest block sliding in one of saidguideways and having a notch with straight walls, a tool-block slidingin the other gnideway, a controlling wedge acting directly on one ofsaid blocks and actingwith the same controlling surface on one arm of anunequally armed lever, and a connection from the other arm of the leverto the second block.

ZORESTER B. GOES.

Witnesses:

SAM W. FITTON, J r., J. W. SEE.

